Currencies of Spanish-Speaking Countries

Here are the currencies used in countries where Spanish is the official language. In Latin American countries where the dollar symbol ($) is used, it is common to use the abbreviation M.N. (moneda nacional) to distinguish the national currency from the U.S. dollar in situations where the context doesnt make clear which currency is meant, as in tourist areas. Although all currencies are divided into smaller units of a hundredth, those smaller units are sometimes of historical interest only. In Paraguay and Venezuela, for example, it takes thousands of units of local currency to equal a U.S. dollar, making the hundredth of a unit of little practical use. The most common name in Latin America for a monetary unit is peso, used in eight countries. Peso can also mean weight, with its use for money dating to the time when monetary value was based on weights of metals. Spanish-Speaking Countries Currencies Argentina: The main unit of currency is the Argentine peso, divided into 100 centavos. Symbol: $. Bolivia: The main unit of currency in Bolivia is the boliviano, divided into 100 centavos. Symbol: Bs. Chile: The main unit of currency is the Chilean peso, divided into 100 centavos. Symbol: $. Colombia: The main unit of currency is the Colombian peso, divided into 100 centavos. Symbol: $. Costa Rica: The main unit of currency is the colà ³n, divided into 100 cà ©ntimos. Symbol: â‚ ¡. (This symbol may not display properly on all devices. It looks similar to the U.S. cent symbol,  ¢, except with two diagonal slashes instead of one.) Cuba: Cuba uses two currencies, the peso cubano and the peso cubano convertible. The first is primarily for everyday use by Cubans; the other, worth considerably more (fixed for many years at $1 U.S.), is used primarily for luxury and imported items and by tourists. Both types of pesos are divided into 100 centavos. Both also are symbolized by the $ symbol; when necessary to distinguish between the currencies, the symbol CUC$ is often used for the convertible peso, while the peso used by ordinary Cubans is CUP$. The convertible peso goes by various local names including cuc, chavito, and verde. Dominican Republic (la Repà ºblica Dominicana): The main unit of currency is the Dominican peso, divided into 100 centavos. Symbol: $. Ecuador: Ecuador uses U.S. dollars as its official currency, referring to them as dà ³lares, divided into 100 centavos. Ecuador has its own coins for values under $1, which are used in addition to U.S. coins. The coins are similar in appearance but not weight with U.S. coins. Symbol: $. Ecuatorial Guinea (Guinea Ecuatorial): The main unit of currency is the Central African franco (franc), divided into 100 cà ©ntimos. Symbol: CFAfr. El Salvador: El Salvador uses U.S. dollars as its official currency, referring to them as dà ³lares, divided into 100 centavos. El Salvador dollarized its economy in 2001; previously its unit of currency was the colà ³n. Symbol: $. Guatemala: The main unit of currency in Guatemala is the quetzal, divided into 100 centavos. Foreign currencies, particularly the U.S. dollar, are also recognized as legal tender. Symbol: Q. Honduras: The main unit of currency in Honduras is the lempira, divided into 100 centavos. Symbol: L. Mexico (Mà ©xico): The main unit of currency is the Mexican peso, divided into 100 centavos. Symbol: $. Nicaragua: The main unit of currency is the cà ³rdoba, divided into 100 centavos. Symbol: C$. Panama (Panamà ¡): Panama uses the balboa as its official currency, divided into 100 centà ©simos. The value of the balboa has long been pegged at $1 U.S.; U.S. currency is used, as Panama does not publish its own banknotes. Panama has its own coinage, however, with values ranging to 1 balboa. Symbol: B/. Paraguay: The main unit of currency in Paraguay is the guaranà ­ (plural guaranà ­es), divided into 100 cà ©ntimos. Symbol: G. Peru (Perà º): The main unit of currency is the nuevo sol (meaning new sun), usually referred to simply as the sol. It is divided into 100 cà ©ntimos. Symbol: S/. Spain (Espaà ±a): Spain, as a member of the European Union, uses the euro, divided into 100 cents or cà ©ntimos. It can be freely be used in most of Europe other than the United Kingdom and Switzerland.  Symbol: â‚ ¬. Uruguay: The main unit of currency is Uruguayan peso, divided into 100 centà ©simos. Symbol: $. Venezuela: The main unit of currency in Venezuela is the bolà ­var, divided into 100 cà ©ntimos. Technically, the currency is the bolà ­var soberano (sovereign bolà ­var), it having replaced the earlier bolà ­var fuerte (strong bolà ­var) at a ratio of 100,000/1 in 2018 as the result of hyperinflation. Only the word bolà ­var is used on the currency. Symbols: Bs, BsS (for bolà ­var soberano). Common Spanish Words Related to Money Paper money is known in general as papel moneda, while paper bills are called billetes. Coins are known as monedas. Credit and debit cards are known as tarjetas de crà ©dito and tarjetas de dà ©bito, respectively. A sign that says sà ³lo en efectivo indicates that the establishment accepts only physical money, not debit or credit cards. There are several uses for cambio, which refers to change (not just the monetary kind).  Cambio  by itself is used to refer to the change from a transaction. The exchange rate is either the tasa de cambio or tipo de cambio. A place where money is exchanged can be called a casa de cambio. Counterfeit money is known as dinero falso  or dinero falsificado.   There are numerous slang or colloquial terms for money, many of the specific to a country or region. Among the more widespread slang terms (and their literal meanings) are plata (silver), lana (wool), guita (twine), pasta (pasta), and pisto (vegetable hash). A check (as from a checking account) is a cheque, while a money order is a giro postal. An account (as in a bank) is a cuenta, a word that  also can be used for the bill given to a restaurant customer after a meal is served.

The Problem Of True Happiness - 1696 Words

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Reflective Report on ‘Cultural Shock’ Free Essays

Executive Summary This reflective report encompasses my transition from Nigeria to the Nottingham Trent International College to the Nottingham Trent University. With a focus on personal goals and learning outcomes, this study has found a substantial indication of successful educational efforts. Utilizing the Gibbs (2008) reflective model, the full range of benefits during the transition process is illustrated alongside the lessons that I have learned from this examination. We will write a custom essay sample on Reflective Report on ‘Cultural Shock’ or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the end, this report demonstrates the progress, founded on theory that has taken me from an position of uncertainty to one of confidence. 1. Introduction This report will focus on the culture shock that I have experienced during my transition from Nigeria to the Nottingham Trent International College to my study experience at Nottingham Trent University. Each transition during my educational experience has served to instil a different lesson. This report will outline how these components relate to the NTU graduate attributes that I have studied. Beginning with an overview of the common issues that many students face this report using the Gibbs (1988) cycle of reflection provides a basis for examining my own experiences. This report will examine the pre departure period and how I approached College and University life as I first came from Nigeria. Following this segment with a reflection on my initial perception during University orientation will allow for a vivid demonstration of my formative efforts on campus. The next section will address why I found myself attracted the NTU program as well as my scholastic experiences there. Both my obstacles as well as my successes will be illustrated in order to find the underlying lesson and the best learning experience. 1.1 Aims and Objectives This report aims to: Reflect on the strengths and detriments of my study experience at NTU Develop an understanding of the contrast between my Nigerian, college and University experience Create a better understanding of my potential academic opportunities 1.2 Key Learning Outcomes I have the transition to University culture has yielded substantial gains in my scholastic goals: The ability to relate to many separate cultures A significantly broadened base of academic knowledge Opportunity to work and excel with material in a top tier environment Fundamental advances in my professional implementation skills. My capacity to rely on my skill to overcome issues has grown substantially. 1.3 Personal Learning Targets My current work has yielded the opportunity to forge future goals: Lay the foundation for my doctoral work Utilize my education to enhance my employment opportunities Incorporate the latest theory into my curriculum. Remain on the forefront of development opportunities. 2. Culture Shock The main body of this report will focus on the individual periods of reflection opportunity before turning to an overall analysis. 2.1 Pre- Departure Period 2.1.1 Description As I prepared to embrace my time at College I often found myself worried as to the growing responsibilities that my education entailed. Zee and Oudenhoven (2013) describe that the capacity to excel in the intercultural educational situation rests on the student’s perception of threat or challenge. Using the A, Affect, B, Behaviour and C, Cognition model their study links emotions such as stability and adaptability to the threat emotion and social initiative and open mindedness to the feelings of challenge. Both of these areas would be much more present in my upcoming college existence. Coming from Nigeria, I had no real concept of what was ahead of me. I knew that I would have to prepare correctly, both mentally physically in order to get the most out of the education opportunity; this was a step that would form a pivotal point in my career. But, to this end I over compensated, seeking to bring much more than I could possibly need. I found that I would be best served by a re- evaluation of priorities and a calm, collected approach (Zee et al, 2013). 2.1.2 Feelings This period of getting ready before term was nerve-racking. Alongside the basic documentation and study accessories, the unknown element of the intercultural opportunities served to create a lot of angst. Different outcomes played over and over in my head. As Ting-Toomey and Chung (2012) illustrate in their study, the single biggest beneficial trait that I could bring into this new setting would be my positive ethical stance. There are few things more universally valued than the capacity to be honest and fair to each and all of my fellow students. The capacity to alienate one another due to any single cultural factor must be avoided in order to advance the underlying goal of education (Ting-Toomey et al, 2012). With the ability to incorporate a broadening spectrum of intercultural values it is essential to incorporate honesty into every element. 2.1.3 Evaluation This period before leaving for college was good for me. Alongside the nerves and constant planning, I found myself quite enjoying the potential opportunities. As Chen, Lin, and Sawangpattanakul (2011) describe, the amount of cultural intelligence or CQ that a person possesses the more likely for a smooth transition into the multi-cultural environment. In this case, even though I was a native of Nigeria, my education to date had prepared me for many of the educational leaps that I was about to experience. However, the sheer size of the opportunities easily overwhelms those available in Nigeria. This makes each one of choices seem more important than the next. Utilizing my prior preparation allowed me to make the most of my time as well as lower my personal stress level, making the entire process smoother (Chen et al, 2012). 2.1.4 Analysis My personal feelings of being prepared are obviously at odds with my internal perception. Even with my prior understanding and preparation, there was still the very strong compunction to bring, buy, or read anything and everything in order to be prepared. The Ting-Toomey et al (2012) study describing the value of confidence stood out as the single most poignant piece of information: rely on knowledge to guide me. I found myself with less baggage and more confidence. 2.1.5 Conclusion I found that I must rely more on myself and my own growing experience in order to be the best student I could be (Chen et al, 2012). This basic cornerstone of my education has led me to embrace the unknown and seek to find the best of everything. 2.1.6 Action Plan The single biggest lesson from this period was that as a student I must not over think the situation. To be over prepared can be as bad as being under prepared (Chen et al, 2012). As my opportunities to incorporate new experiences arrive I will be better prepared to approach new situations. 2.2 Induction and Orientation 2.2.1 Description As prepared as I expected myself to be given my efforts, I was surprised by the sheer number of inter cultural opportunities available. The Trent College level, while substantial, does not offer the world class potential that the University level does, and the rigorous standards and case load reflected this. The very first emotion that I had upon stepping foot on campus was one of being uncertain. As Hofstede (2011) illustrated, the tendency to avoid uncertainty stems from the desire to avoid threat. With so very many experiences available, which should I avoid and which to make a priority Would I find a better academic path given the new opportunities Blake, Claudio and Taylor (2009) document the presence of heightened stress and poor performance in the presence of many options. The multitude of decisions that I had to make that first day created a dilemma for me during my initial experiences at Trent University. 2.2.2 Feelings As I entered school that term it was very much like reverse culture shock (Allison, Davis-Berman and Berman, 2011). I went from being relaxed and in charge of my educational experience into a state of the unknown quantity. I would be these first few days that would serve to determine much of the trajectory of the University efforts. Therefore the best option is not to isolate myself from the group, but embrace the multi-cultural opportunities as additional components of my education (Allison et al, 2011). There was a hearty mix of trepidation, anticipation and panic as I began term. 2.2.3 Evaluation This initial experience is something that I will carry with me for the rest of my days. As Trowler and Trowler (2010) there should be no hesitation to student engagement. My fears were rooted more in the potential for the unknown rather than any real factual experience. Therefore the decisions placed before, that at the time seemed so diverse and overwhelming, were in fact ordinary fare. 2.2.4 Analysis There is a basic uncertainty that was clear in my action and feeling during that initial period. The risk of isolation or over immersion was equally present making it necessary to make careful decisions (Tosutti, Esses and Hagar, 2012). I found myself with the ability to balance my priorities and make the necessary adjustments in order to make the most of the University. College level education was much more focused on the preparation for University as opposed to finding roots in real world operation as I found at NTU. 2.2.5 Conclusion Much like my pre-departure period, I learned that my own experiences and education are the best instruments to turn to in times of stress or decision making. As the Chen et al (2011) illustrated the CQ that a person possesses ads to the capacity for me to attain my scholastic goals. 2.2.6 Action Plan Unlike my time at Trent College any similar event in the future will see me prepared, but not overly so. Confident, yet excited for the prospects and perhaps most all, certain that I can accomplish the goal given the scope of my skill (Chen et al, 2011). 2.3 Academic Study 2.3.1 Description Chief among my reasons for choosing NTU was the proximity and reputation of the school. The very strong ethical considerations in place serve to enhance the educational choices available to me (Ting-Toomey et al, 2012). Alongside the opportunity presented at the College level that added preparation for advancement, the choice was made easy for me. Yet, the process of evaluation and expected performance had climbed considerably from the college level. This more any other factor proved to provide the largest culture shock. With such a high demand from the students around the world, I had to do well to maintain my place (Ward, Bochner and Furnham, 2013). In my effort to keep pace and even excel, I found myself having trouble processing and learning as effectively as I had at the College level. 2.3.2 Feelings Trompenaar describes a very effective model of cross cultural management that I found very helpful (Marx, 2011). I felt as if I did not have grasp on the way things worked at the University level. I had to understand that cultures differ due to orientation, and that the University level was significantly separate from the college experience (Marx, 2011). It was this feeling that led me to the decision that I must not allow my urges to impact my actions because every action was of critical importance at this stage. My motivation was key to my performance (Marx, 2011) 2.3.3 Evaluation This period of study profited me tremendously. It was the recognition of ineffectiveness alongside the capacity to adapt that provided me the foundation for building a successful scholastic career (Marx, 2011). 2.3.4 Analysis My approach to my studies was tempered by my lack of experience and confidence in my ability. My tendency to be too specific and compartmentalize did not work anymore and I found myself adrift in terms of study habits (Marx, 2011). Once more, it was my knowledge of relevant theory that allowed for my transition from a place of frustration into a capacity for learning. 2.3.5 Conclusion I found that flexibility was more important than my traditional framework during this period (Marx, 2011). The University culture demanded more than my previous experience that caused me to have to adapt to the situation at hand. 2.3.6 Action Plan Faced with this same learning block I would employ classify my priority is and determine the best step forward. The main dimensions in a cross cultural situation are orientation, task approach and communication, using these I will be able to analyse any scenario (Marx, 2011) 3. NTU Graduate Attributes This section links my learning experiences with the NTU graduate attributes as outlined below. 3.1 Attributes Analysis 3.1.1 Intellectual Ability As I left Trent College, I was confident in my professional skills yet, I was very much aware that I had much more to learn. As the Hofstede Model ably illustrates, the degree of aggregation is equal to the stress level (Hofstede, 2011). To this end I find that my ability to think independently and grasp the University level work has expanded alongside my level of experience. It is my curiosity and drives to learn that serves to propel me along the University ladder.As Trompenaar and Hampen-Turner (2011) argue, the need to allow the creativity to flow freely enables a well-rounded and comprehensive education. 3.1.2 Information, Communication and Organisational Skills My experience at the college level served to provide a vital foundation for my entry into the university. This skill, anticipated at my college, allowed me the confidence to begin to utilize the full range of knowledge that I was learning. As Furnham (2010) describes, it is not only the approach to a subject but the manner of its implementation that determines its full potential. My University education was providing me with the advanced skills to make well founded educational decisions. As Chen et al (2011) argued my personality allowed incorporating my lessons into my personal life, thereby enhancing and smoothing both. 3.1.3 Global Citizenship From such an isolated environment to the open campus of NTU, I have found the educational experience has significantly broadened my horizons. Hofstede (2011) stresses the need to not be isolated from the group, and my ability to work within the educational structure provided as given me a growing appreciation of the fellow students from the around the world that have many of the same goals and desires that I do. I have learned that it will be my experience that provides me with the tools to be an effective leader in the inter culture environment of today’s business world (Chen, 2011). 4. Conclusion This report has examined the impact that culture shock has had on my educational and study experience since my transition from Nigeria, to the Trent College, to the campus of NTU. At each stage of the learning experience a new set of challenges was set before me and I was able to use my growing base of knowledge to address these issues. Coming out of Nigeria a primary factor was my lack of confidence and my tendency to avoid confrontation or the perception of academic threat. This attitude only served to limit my options, and that was no way to proceed. I had to face my lack of knowledge and yet forge ahead to address the decisions that had to be made. This experience taught me to reach out and embrace the flexibility that must come with the inter-cultural experience. I found that if I did not remain rigid in my expectations, my time at University could be very rewarding. The transition from the College level to University was as profound as my initial transition from Nigeria to College. I found that instead of focusing on the next academic step, the University opened up the entire horizon. This was the biggest shock of all for me. I have found many of the NTU attributes not only essential but critical during my time here. I need the skill to improve my professional potential, my time at University has shown me that the competition will be tough in every sector of the globe and I must be prepared. My technological expertise has grown boundlessly after given access to the assets on campus, providing even further incentive to learn and excel. NTU has educated me greatly in the area of Global citizenship. My work with those around me, from so many diverse places, only serves to enhance the opportunities present. Every new idea and concept has the potential to be met with a unique and interesting idea from a different angle. The aim of this report was to reflect on the strengths and detriments of my study experience. I feel that this exercise has allowed me to better understand the elements such as creativity and inclusiveness that is necessary to excel in this emerging global society. On every level, this study has allowed me to form a better understanding of the isolated Nigerian experience, to the targeted College life and the final opening of boundless University potential. Each step has come through the expansion of my personal and academic experience. This allows me to process and understand the many cultural opportunities. Further, each of these elements combines to give me a far better idea of my scholastic potential: I have the ability to progress as far as my own ambition will take me. As I continue to build on my academic foundation, every step brings me closer to my end goal of achieving my doctoral degree in the field of business. This would allow me to utilize my full education to the very best business advantage. In order to do this I will continue to work to learn the very latest and most relevant theory, coupled with a sound foundation, in order to create the opportunity to find a lifelong career. In the end, this report has helped me to see that it is only the amount of confidence in myself and my abilities that limit my potential. 5. References Allison, P., Davis-Berman, J. and Berman, D. 2012. Changes in latitude, changes in attitude: analysis of the effects of reverse culture shock–a study of students returning from youth expeditions. Leisure Studies, 31 (4), pp. 487–503. Blake, B., Claudio, F. and Taylor, R. 2013. EXPERIENCES OF AUSTRALIAN HUMANITARIAN WORKERS. Chen, A., Lin, Y. and Sawangpattanakul, A. 2011. The relationship between cultural intelligence and performance with the mediating effect of culture shock: A case from Philippine laborers in Taiwan.International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 35 (2), pp. 246–258. Furnham, A. 2010. Culture shock: Literature review, personal statement and relevance for the South Pacific. Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology, 4 (02), pp. 87–94. Gibbs, G. 1988. Learning by doing. [London]: FEU. Hofstede, G. 2011. Dimensionalizing cultures: the Hofstede model in context. Online Readings in Psychology and Culture, 2 (1), p. 8. Langley, R. 1993. Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind, by Geert Hofstede.(1991). Maidenhead, UK: McGraw-Hill. 279 pp., $39.95 cloth. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 4 (3), pp. 319–325. Marx, E. 1999. Breaking through culture shock. London: Nicholas Brealey. Mcneil, N. 2007. F. Trompenaars and C. Hampden-Turner. 2004. Managing people across cultures ISBN-10: 1 84112 472 9 (pbk); ISBN-13: 978 1841 12472 8 (pbk); 382 pages; A $41.95; US $24.95; United Kingdom: Capstone Publishing Ltd. Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources, 45 (3), pp. 374–375. Ting-Toomey, S. 2010. Applying dimensional values in understanding intercultural communication.Communication Monographs, 77 (2), pp. 169–180. Tossutti, L., Esses, V. and Hagar, D. 2012. The Social, Cultural and Political Inclusion of Immigrants: Promising Practices. Analysis of LIP Strategic Plans: Promising Practices, p. 115. Trowler, P. and Trowler, V. 2010. Student engagement evidence summary. The Higher Education Academy. Van Der Zee, K. and Van Oudenhoven, J. 2013. Culture Shock or ChallengeThe Role of Personality as a Determinant of Intercultural Competence. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 44 (6), pp. 928–940. Ward, C., Bochner, S. and Furnham, A. 2001. The psychology of culture shock. Hove [England]: Routledge. How to cite Reflective Report on ‘Cultural Shock’, Essay examples

Article Analysis SME Still Scared of the Cloud

Question: Describe about the SMEs still scared of the Cloud? Answers: Cloud computing is considered as the future of the business models for both large and small scale enterprises. The adoption of cloud computing methods as part of information technology usage by the SME (Small and Medium Enterprises) is the key discussed topic of this essay. The Information and communications technology functions such as effective data storage, retrieval, analytics, and overall management of the data may be put in the cloud by the SMEs (Francis, 2014). The action of putting IT (Information Technology) functions in the cloud refers to outsourcing of the data management function of IT to a third party who maintains the key business data on a cloud server. The cloud computing allows all the information communications and technology data generated by the business operations of the SMEs, to be stored on a remote server. This concept of using a remote server, instead of maintaining a server in the premises for maintain the backup of all the business data, is the key revolution in Information technology management, that SMEs are slowly turning to (Harding, 2013). This activity of using cloud for information technology functions allows SMEs to use shared network and pay only to the extent of usage. This enablement of resource sharing allows the SMEs to have the same quality of Information Technology and Software services as that used by the large companies at much lesser costs. The service providers of cloud networks work on the principle of economies of scale and can provide the best quality of Information technology services to SMEs at affordable rates. SMEs would definitely prefer to use cloud computing technology and would immensely benefit from these actions due to the following reasons (Duan et al., 2013): 1. SMEs would no longer require investing resources in maintaining servers at their premises.2. The costs of other Information Technology components that are supported by server such as the networking components, data storage, related software application, etc. would be eliminated.3. There would be increased opportunities driven by business analytics for the SMSs, which would be possible due to extensive data availability at hand due to adoption of cloud computing technology.4. There would be lesser IT staff in the organizations (the staff managing server applications wont be required). 5. These would be lower power and maintenance expenditure by the SMEs.6. The Programs and applications used by the employees could be accessed across the internet from any nook and corner of the world. Several of the analyst and researchers have measured the degree of acceptance of cloud computing technology by the SMEs. However, this Information technology revolution is still not widely accepted by several SMEs. Uncertainly of reliability on the new setup, is the most prominent reasons observed for several of the SMEs that are unsure to join the cloud technology band wagon (Pieterse, 2013). The Security concern of the data maintained on the cloud is regarded as one of the prominent mental blocks for the management of the SMEs to adopt cloud technology in its business operations. The fear of change and unknown is highly influencing the office bearers of SMEs from quick adoption of the new technologies and functions. The concerns regarding the limited bandwidth, due to the poor quality of network infrastructure are another issue faced by SMEs for putting IT functions in to the cloud. The lack of awareness and lack of understanding of the core concept of using the cloud computing for information technology purposes is holding back the SMEs from putting its IT functions in the cloud. Besides several of the SMEs find it unsafe in investing in cloud technology, due to the rapid technology changes and advancements in the technology world, that might be difficult for SMEs to keep up the changes. The following are the IT functions that SMEs may put in to the cloud for achieving better control and efficiency in the business: 1. All the important business applications can be hosted in the cloud, and data pertaining to these applications can be accessed via internet. Eg. Google docs are an application that uses cloud technology to maintain several data and information in document format, of the multiple web users. 2. Email services, Internal Messenger Services may be hosted in the cloud by the SMEs. Hosting on reliable service providers such as Google enables these small companies to maintain its data securely (Pieterse, 2013).3. Small office based application suites as per the nature of the Business run by the SMEs are available in the market that can be availed by the budding SMEs. Let us take example of Australian Dairy Farmers; this small dairy business avails the usage of cloud technology for managing its critical data (Powers, 2013). The several other small business such as Dairy, Poultry or Bakery Business, can also avail the custom made cloud service packages for managing their customized office ba sed applications remotely. 4. Back up services and Data storage are the major areas that may be outsourced by the SMEs to cloud services providers. 5. We may take another example of movie ticketing business, bookmyshow. This SME puts real time booking services, as the IT application to be managed by a cloud network service provider (Khosla. 2013). We may conclude that the cloud technology is capable of providing some real advantages and convenience to the SMEs in terms of increasing their business efficiency, establishing remote working potential and saving of physical spaces of the business premises (Khosla, 2013). But the SMEs also need to take care of the pitfall of putting IT functions in cloud. The reputation and service quality of the cloud service provider should be cross checked by SMEs with detailed cost benefit analysis before outsourcing the IT function. References Duan Jiaqi, Faker Parwiz and Dtuart Tim, (2013). Benefits and drawbacks of cloud-based versus traditional ERP systems. Proceedings of the 2012-13 course on Advanced Resource Planning. Retrieved on February 2nd 2015 from https://www.academia.edu/2777755/Benefits_and_Drawbacks_of_Cloud-Based_versus_Traditional_ERP_Systems Francis Hannah. (2014). SMEs still scared of the cloud: ACMA. The Australian. Retrieved on February 2nd 2015 from https://www.businessspectator.com.au/news/2014/3/26/technology/smes-still-scared-cloud-acma Harding Chris. (2013). Cloud computing for small businesses: its time to follow the herd. Retrieved on February 2nd 2015 from https://www.theguardian.com/small-business-network/2013/jan/30/cloud-computing-for-small-businesses Khosla Bikky. (2013). Cloud computing where SMEs stand. SME Times. Retrieved on February 2nd 2015 from https://www.smetimes.in/smetimes/editorial/2013/Oct/08/cloud-computing-where-sme-stand630252.html Pieterse Ilva. (2013). SMEs and the local landscape. Retrieved on February 2nd 2015 from https://www.iweek.co.za/special-report/smes-and-the-local-landscape Powers Craig. (2013). The cloud calls on SMEs: Will more take advantage? asug news. Retrieved on February 2nd 2015 from https://www.asugnews.com/article/sap-cloud-smes-survey-adoption

Your Summer Romance with Him free essay sample

It was a cold January day back in 2008, that was when she first laid my eyes on him. You could say it was love at first sight but that may not be how others saw it. This is a story about a girl named Kelsey Her best friend Decline had text messaged her to go to the local park where every one hang out. When she arrived he was already there with 3 people Randy, Stephanie and Oliver. Oliver is Declines older brother and that day was the first time they met. She remembers how he was wearing a black sweatshirt blue Jeans and sneakers. They didnt talk that day though, not yet.That very next morning she woke to a message that made her smile, It was from him. Apparently he had gotten my number from Decline because he Just had to talk to her. So they started talking and it went on for months, all the way up until June. We will write a custom essay sample on Your Summer Romance with Him or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page That was when her best friend crystal started talking too him. Never had she told anyone that she had feelings for him so she could understand why she began to like him, but it still hurt me. I couldnt believe he had started talking to her friend so I called him to talk. Hey Oliver, how are you? I mean we havent talked in a few days and I heard that our now talking to Crystal, like whats up with that? Said Kelsey. Hey, well yeah you could say we were talking I mean I Like her a lot. said Oliver. Lust like that Kelsey had felt like she had her heart was ripped out of her chest. But what happened between us I mean I thought we had something, cant be Imagining this can l? We should talk later, Eve got to go bye She realized that the phone call had left her more confused than before and she regretted it more than anything. One thing she did not regret was her love for him. She waited days for his call until suddenly she decided that she would call him, Hello, Oliver? Eye yeah Its me Kelsey hows everything going? exclaimed Kelsey. Hey yeah everything is good what about you? Look Im sorry I didnt call you back the other day lye Just been thinking about our situation. But hey want to hang out today, I have the house to myself everyone went out. Okay around what time should I be over? Come whenever your ready, Ill be waiting. She rushed to get ready in excitement for my big day ahead with Oliver, but than realized that conversation had left her with more questions as well. Did that mean he and crystal would stop talking? What had he decided on their situation?These were all questions she decided she would have to ask him today. She took right and was on cozens lane, this was the street he lived on. She 1 OFF their eyes met he ran up to her with arms wide open for a big bear hug. She than followed him into his house straight into his living room. When we got there he looked into my eyes and led her to the couch. He than leaned in and softly kissed her lips and it was everything she had ever hoped it to be. That was her first kiss, and she than knew he would be her first love. They spent the evening together until she had to leave.When she was walking out the door he kissed her gently on the cheek and whispered Dont tell Crystal any of this I dont want her to get mad at me Thats when she realized he didnt want to be in a relationship, he had Just used her. While she walked home the tears she had held back streamed down her face in embarrassment and disappointment in herself . She felt used and betrayed but than realized she too had Just used him. She never told Crystal what happened that day, maybe it was because he asked her to keep it a secret or maybe it was Just because she felt she would never be able to forgive me.For the rest of the summer she continued to go to Olivers house whenever his parents werent home. It was going fine and she was content with what was going on up until fall and school started again. That was when we had stopped talking. He became all she could think about, she Just couldnt get him out of my head. All her friends had knew that they had something going on and were curious as to what was now going on with her. It was like nothing she did mattered anymore unless he was there by my side doing it with her. She had Just wished everything would be okay and hed call her again as if nothing had happened.But that isnt how it happened, she waited months and than when summer came along again she received a call. Hey stranger how are you? Oliver said with his deep voice that surprised Kelsey. Hey why didnt you ever call me? Its been nearly a year! Im sorry I know that was wrong of me but my parents took away my phone and I was busy with sports and school that I never really had time so I didnt want to bother you of course Okay I understand anemia so want to come over, my parents are out of town anemia sure Ill be right over it was as if it was summer of 2008 all over again.That day she realized that some things never changed, Just like their relationship. She Just became sick of not being official and decided that we would stop seeing each other forever. He had manipulated her in to thinking that this was what she wanted and the reason he hadnt called was for her own good. Oliver cared for no one but him self. That day she decided not to go to Olivers house. That was the last time they had ever spoke. But she knew if could go back and change a single thing she wouldnt, she just choose not to live a life like that anymore.

Womens Power in the Middle Ages essays

Women's Power in the Middle Ages essays What can we learn from Enide, Eleanor of Aquitaine, and Joan of Arc about the ability of medieval women to exercise power? Be sure to consider several forms of power and to consider at least some of the following: the relationship between husband and wife; the role of love and marriage for men and women; womens capacity to act in the public sphere; specifically female spirituality; womens roles in culture and courtly life. The process by which the view of the female is constructed in medieval times serves to underline the male supremacy of a courtly society which claims to center around the female, but which in the same time, essentially reduces her to the status of an object destined to satisfy and mirror male values and desire. In this world where men have the only say so, we see where women are also powerful, sometimes indirectly, and sometimes directly. In this case, Enide is shown as an indirect power through persuasion and love, Eleanor of Aquitaine through political activity, and Joan of Arc through spirituality. Erec and Enide is a story of love, adventure, knighthood, and chivalry. Chrtien seems to develop a view of marriage. The cause of the couples adventures seems to be the excessive love within their marriage. However, it is also a work in which masculine discourse constructs women as objects and subjects them to an inferior and dependent existence within a masculine economy; technically, women having no literal power. She was an object, something that was used for status, serving and obedience, and sex. Marriage was not based on love. Although it is clear that women, in this case, have no literal power, Enide possesses perhaps even more power than is recognized. Erec has noted Enides beauty, the advisor has spoken of his wish to arrange a high match for her, and Enide blushes in Erecs presence and is glad to been given to him, but love does not seem to...

Summary of Recent Research 8 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Summary of Recent Research 8 - Assignment Example history, ulcer history, physical activities, the nutritional preventive measures and the psychosocial measures applied during their illness was collected. The findings indicated that preventive activities coupled with social support prevented the recurrence of the leg ulcer (Finlayson, Edwards & Courtney, 2011). Multiple regression models were applied, where the survival analysis technique was applied to elicit the relationship between the preventive activities and the social support offered, to the survival and non-recurrence of the leg ulcer in the individuals. This was followed by the application of the Cox proportional-hazards regression model, which evaluated the influence of preventive activities and the psychosocial factors on time lapse before the recurrence (Berger, Shuster & Roenn, 2006). The findings of the study is statistically significant, since they indicated the out of the 80 individuals who participated, 35 of them had an ulcer recurrence, with 22 of them being those who lacked adequate preventive practices and social support (Alexander & Matthews, 2010). Finlayson, K., Edwards, H. & Courtney, M. (2011) Relationships between preventive activities, psychosocial factors and recurrence of venous leg ulcers: a prospective study. Journal of Advanced Nursing 67(10),

Value shares and Growth Shares in the UK market (FTSE 350) Research Paper

Value shares and Growth Shares in the UK market (FTSE 350) - Research Paper Example This means that the significance level of the test is 0.05 or 5%. The null hypotheses are usually accepted when the test is significant statistically at chosen significance level of 5%. When Null hypothesis is rejected it implies that all sample means are not equal. If this is true, it may not be sufficient to give required inference. In such case it might be required to know which sample means differ. To find that out proper confidence interval has to be chosen using small sample procedures based on t-distribution. A parametric correlation test of coefficient and non parametric run test was further used to test the auto correlation for the stock returns over time. When the null hypothesis will be accepted at 5% or 10% level then it can be said that the regression model developed earlier was statistically significant. The marginal significance in the regression model is given by the p-value. When the probability for observing the t-values is large, then the null hypothesis will be tr ue. The value of p ranges from 0 to 1 and it gives the researcher the cut-off level or the lowest significance level below which the null hypothesis may be rejected. If the p-values are very small then the significance of null hypothesis is reduced. Smaller p-values indicate that null hypothesis is not significant and hence should be rejected.

How is the HRM function of multinational companies organised and what Essay

How is the HRM function of multinational companies organised and what are the specific issues of imternational HRM for multinati - Essay Example The MNCs play a significant role in the process of international trade as they play the main vehicle by which the maximum amount of goods and services penetrate around the world and they are â€Å"the principal agents of internationalization of the world† (Ferner, 1994). The study of the Human Resource Management in the context of the multinational corporations needs no justification as according to United States 73 million people were employed by the MNCs in the year 1994 which represents almost 20% of the employment in the industrial sector worldwide. Moreover almost 40% of the working population depends indirectly on the MNCs for employment. As these companies employ people of different countries with different cultural economical and social backgrounds, the strategies, policies and practices concerning with the Human Resource Management of these companies are perhaps the most complicated among all managerial works. The larger the company will be in terms of the exposure an d geographical reach the more will be the number of the employees of the company and hence more complicated will be its management .An effective human resource management is very necessary in order to gain competitive advantages in the market as the MNCs compete to capture the market share of countries. (Tayeb, 2005, pp. 4-5; Noe, Hollenbeck, Gerhart, & Wright, 2005) Organization Human Resource Management System in a MNC Human resource management involves achieving goals of the company through management of the employees of the company and is essentially the invention of the Americans. HRM system is based on the assumption that all personnel activities of the employees are integrated not only with each other but also strategically with the objectives of the organization as a whole and it is the function of the HRM to utilize this asset to the best use of the organization. HRM designs the management system to ensure human talent is effectively and efficiently used in order to meet th e goal of the organization. This system of management emerge because of the requirements of the companies and the labor market conditions prevailing in the country. The system of management gain importance mainly in the ‘non unionized companies’ of the country. With the success of the management in the country it becomes increasingly famous in other developed countries mainly the European nations as they adopt the system with changeable scales of success. (Tempel, 2001, pp.113-114) With the growth of a multinational company the workforce of the organization changes and hence the law and the needs of the company also changes. So the activities of the HRM need continuous change. HRM considers how the human resource contributes to the overall strategies of the companies and hence are implemented in regard to the overall strategy consideration of the company. Porter in 1985 divides the functioning of companies into two parts. First comes the primary activity which involves inbound and outbound logistics, marketing and sales activities and operations. The second part is the supportive activities of a company which includes infrastructure and technological development, procurement and HRM. This is because HRM along with the other supportive activities ensures the effectiveness and efficiency of the former activities. A fundamental question that often arises is whether a better HRM strategy creates more market value or the financially successful companies

Web 2.0 and web 1.0 Applications

Web 2.0 and web 1.0 Applications 1. WEB 2.0 1.1 THE SOCIAL READ/WRITE WEB AN INTRODUCTION We live in age of information where flow of information is constant and internet plays an important role in this flow of information sharing and exchange. The world is on figure tips due to the advancement in technologies. All this become possible due to World Wide Web which cause to made globe as community. Technology and information become obsolete so quickly. Now we are in era of web 2.0 According to Tim Orielly Web 2.0 is the network as platform, spanning all connected devices; Web 2.0 applications are those that make the most of the intrinsic advantages of that platform: delivering software as a continually-updated service that gets better the more people use it, consuming and remixing data from multiple sources, including individual users, while providing their own data and services in a form that allows remixing by others, creating network effects through an architecture of participation, and going beyond the page metaphor of Web1.0 to deliver rich user experiences (Orielly, 2004). According to Alan smith 2.0 does not show any specific increment in web version its only the way the use of web change (Smith, 2009). Murugesan define Web 2.0 as second phase in the Webs evolution, which attract IT professionals, businesses, and Web users. Further more he writes that Web 2.0 is wisdom Web, people-centric Web, participative Web, and read/write Web (Murugesan, 2007). Web 2.0 is people Power web shows the blogging success, user review, photo sharing (Anderson, 2006) and observe called it gift culture due to users contribution as participation (Mason Rennie, 2007). In learning and teaching process effective evolution of technology, importance of active participation, critical thinking, social presence, collaboration and two way communications are also important (Beldarrin, 2006). Web2.0 provides more effective interaction and collaboration, investigation for the ways of using blogs effectively, wikis, podcasts and social network which also used in education. The main characteristic of these tools called Web 2.0, which shows active participation from user in the content of creation process (Usluel Mazman, 2009). Web 2.0 social networking applications, allows users not only to find out information about others, but also to connect with others through linking to their profiles, joining and creating group, and ability to send public and private messages to their friends for example Face book, MySpace, and sharing with them their happy moments as on Picasa and flicker. It has changed the static information to more active, dynamic and responsive participation, creation and sharing of contents. On the biases of Orielly definition Markus Angermeier created a mind map for web 2.0 which explain the key concepts. These important concepts of Web 2.0 include Usability, Standardization, Design, Remixability, Economy, participation and convergence. Usability is one of the key factors of web 2.0. According to Lewis Web 2.0 applications tend to look more like desktop applications than Web pages: they have simple interfaces with plain colours and no busy patterns, logos, or animation. They provide a richness of Interaction previously found only in desktop applications (Lewis, 2006). He further write about the dynamic content of web 2.0 and information gathering and assembling of information on a single page. The source of information is blogs which are like online diaries, resource sharing which allow users to share their favourite web links and other resource like tags (Lewis, 2006). Example systems include del.icio.us and bibsonomy.org. Web 2.0 fulfils the standardization requirements of (W3C) for applications development and content generation. Design provide rich look and feel with practical user-interface, eye catching appearance and ease of use. Remixability is the facility that Web 2.0 offers where an application can be remixed with different set of other minor applications together to form a new and more interactive application. The introduction of Web 2.0 technologies such as AJAX breaks this fixed page based model in several ways. Traditional web sites depend on a page update model where each interaction results in an entire page refresh Web 2.0 applications allow part page updates (Pilgrim, 2008). For example, Google Maps do not require an entire page to be refreshed when the user selects a preferred view. Google system gets the data that lies outside of the edge of the map in frame with out refreshing whole page and allow user to grab the map and drag it without any interruption (Zucker, 2007). Gmail also uses AJAX technology in similar fashion to update the little portion of page when new email arrives (Pilgrim, 2008). 1.2 WEB 1.0 VS WEB 2.0 According to Musser and OReilly (2006) Web 2.0 is a set of economic, social, and technology trends that collectively form the basis for the next generation of the Internetà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬a more mature, distinctive medium characterised by user participation, openness, and network effects. The main difference between Web 1.0 and Web 2.0 is creation and presentation of content. In Web 1.0 the majority of users acting as consumers of content, while in Web 2.0 user can actively participate in content creation and sharing and there are various technologies available to create the content to its maximum potential. The free nature of Web 2.0 allow users to create exchange and share contents of any kind (text, audio, video) and tag, comment, and link Pages within group or outside the group. A popular improvement in Web 2.0 is mashups, which combine or make content in fresh forms (Cormode Krishnamurthy, 2008). For example, street addresses are linked with a map Web site to visualize the locations. This type of site linkage provides facility to create additional link between records of any database with other database. In web 1.0 people implicitly put links of interesting resources to their personal home pages. HTML form tags spread across entire web with no facility of tag base browsing, search engines were using this text as source of web page to improve the quality of search, it limits the tagging in web 1.0 and which restrict collaborative interaction and collective intelligence of community (Brine Page, 1998). While web 2.0 every one can participate in tagging as it become very easy task and become the key characteristic of portals. Due to the large scale of the tagging community, portals like del.icio.us have accumulated decent annotations in the form of tags for numerous resources. These tags are used for search and navigation and Google AdSenseform easy-to-read summaries for the described resources (Kinsella, et al., 2008) Tim OReilly in his Article What Is Web 2.0: Design Patterns and Business Models for the Next Generation of Software, 2005 describe the difference of web1.0 and web2.0 as follows: Web1.0 Web2.0 DoubleClick Google AdSense Ofoto Flickr Akamai BitTorrent mp3.com Napster Britannica Online Wikipedia personal websites blogging Evite upcoming.org and EVDB domain name speculatio search engine optimization page views cost per click screen scraping Web services publishing participation content management systems wikis directories (taxonomy) tagging (folksonomy) stickiness syndication (Table 1.0 What is Web 2.0: OReilly, 2005) According to Gibson dynamic updates is one of the important characteristic of web2.0 and this is adopted through AJAX technology (Gibson, 2007). Web2.0 websites respond user request such as email checking or instant chatting. Web2.0 applications also provide automatic updates such as stock quotes, sports scores and other information (Gibson, 2007). Mostly news sites like BBC, Sky Newsetc. continuously updating providing instant information. Web2.0 encourages the active participation from the users to access content and interaction with each other on the Web (Pilgrim, 2008). The content of Web 1.0 was read-only and static. Whereas the transformation of web to changed the read-only web to read-write web enabled user active and collaborative participation. The above graph shows that how persistent growth in internet usage according to the facts provided by Internet World Stats with in a decade its usage rise from 361 million to 1650 million users world wide. At the early stages content of web were static in their nature and they are publish for reading purpose there were no interaction between users and user generated content are at ignorable scale. As the number of users raise it change the way of content presentation and publication on internet and users start active participation and involvement in the content and collective intelligence increased through this social read/write web. The change brought by Web 2.0 in content publishing and consumption evidently shows the divergence between static web (web1.0) and dynamic web (web2.0). Web 2.0 provides pages with dynamic content which not only can be read by browsers or readers but with the capability of writing, collaborating and sharing knowledge at the same time. 1.3 WEB 2.0 ACTIVITIES AND SERVICES There are a number of Web 2.0 services and applications available which provide the foundation of Read/Write web. These tools allow users to create, edit and modify the content of information with collaboration. Web 2.0-based communities occupy virtual spaces that are open, self-organizing, adaptive, agile, readily accessible, and easy to use (Sabina Leone, 2009). A Web 2.0 platform has shared design of services to support a collaborative and distributed environment in which users can connect, share, comment and create new content or software tools (Sabina Leone, 2009). Services offered within the Web 2.0 framework offers evolutionary services of the Internet history. To be active on internet firms have no choice but to find out an appropriate role using web2.0. Most major firms, including BMW, IBM, Google, and many others, are positioning them-selves to find their strategic place, appropriate place and fit within these developments (Wigand, Benjamin Birkland, 2008). In todays web we find different type of content. According to Paul Anderson (2007) These include blogs, wikis, multimedia sharing services, content syndication, podcasting and content tagging services. Many of these applications of Web technology are relatively mature, having been in use for a number of years, although new features and capabilities are being added on a regular basis It is worth noting that many of these newer technologies are concatenations, i.e. they make use of existing services. In this section I will discusses about some of the important activities Web 2.0 activities, these are Blogging, Folksonomy and Social Bookmarking, Multimedia Sharing, Social Networking, Podcasting. 1.3.1 BLOGGING The term web-log, or blog, was coined by Jorn Barger in 1997 and refers to a simple webpage consisting of brief paragraphs of opinion, information, personal diary entries, or links, called posts, arranged chronologically with the most recent first, in the style of an online journal (Doctorow et al., 2002). Blogs are also called online diaries which enable users, without requirement of any technical skill, to create, publish and organize their own web pages that contain dated content, entries, comments, discussion etc. in sequential order (Alexander, 2006; Castenade, 2007). People can publish information which they collect from various resources and establish relation between them in blogs. Additionally RSS and the possibility to post comments make blogs also a collaborative and social-interactive software application (Petter et al., 2005). San Murugesan defines blogs a two- way web-base communication tool. Simply it is a website which is used to share thoughts and ideas to leave suggestions and comments. An entry in blog might contain text, image, or link to other blogs and web pages, and possibly the other media related to the topic. Blogs have ability to generate machine readable RSS and Atom feeds it means they could be use to distribute machine readable summaries of contents and provide the facility of searching similar information from different sources (Cayzer, 2004), (Anderson, 2007). Huge number of internet users involved in blogging and they are operating in their own environment. As technology has become more sophisticated, bloggers have begun to incorporate multimedia into their blogs and there are now photo-blogs, video blogs (vlogs), and, increasingly, bloggers can upload material directly from their mobile phones (Anderson, 2007).There are different types and categories of blogs. Such as Arts, Business, Computers and Technology, Education, Entertainment, Food, History, Law, Libraries, Music, Personal, Political, Regional, Sports and finally Web. Blogging software allows three levels of privacy password-protected most private blog; users blog service listed blog most public blog and will be easily found by search engines. An unlisted blog neither fully private nor fully public. Unlisted blog cannot be found without knowing the URL. It could be public only if it contain a link and someone eventually click that link this way these blogs picked by search engines. Since most blogs contain links that anyone might click on, unlisted blogs are not secure, although they may remain relatively invisible if they link to sites that few people access and if the links are not activated (Nardi et al., 2004). Blogging is well known activity which used for online debate and discussions, shared editing, personal communication and networking. In terms of groups, it allows various authors or writers to communicate with others to present their views, opinions and to write for teams, groups and group work. 1.3.2 FOLKSONOMY/TAGGING AND SOCIAL BOOKMARKING A tag is a keyword that is added to a digital object (e.g. a website, picture or video clip) to describe it, but not as part of a formal classification system. One of the first large-scale applications of tagging was seen with the introduction of Joshua Schacters del.icio.us website, which launched the social bookmarking phenomenon (Anderson, 2007). In web 2.0 Folksonomy as a social web service provide facility to users to save and organise online their bookmarks with social annotations or tags. These are high quality descriptors of web pages topics and good indicators of web users interests (Xu, et al., 2004). Social book marking systems share number of common features (Millen et al., 2005), they also provide the facility of tagging these bookmarks and unlike traditional browser-base bookmarks they can be belong more that one category. Tagging is far more beyond then web site bookmarking. Services like Flicker (photos), YouTube (video) and Odeo (podcasts) allow a variety of digital artefacts to be socially tagged (Anderson, 2007). Users contribute not only in posts and articles but also in from of tags which form the metadata of the content which provide valuable information in content search. It also brings benefits of semantic web to current websites which create collaborative tagging or Folksonomy. Del.icio.us is good example of widely accepted and collaboratively created tags, contend creation and blogging (Subramanya Liu, 2008). Social bookmarking systems provide a clear incentive for users to participate (Farrell et al., 2007). The idea of tagging has been expanded to include what are called tag clouds: groups of tags (tag sets) from a number of different users of a tagging service, which collates information about the frequency with which particular tags are used (Anderson, 2007). 1.3.3 MULTIMEDIA SHARING According to Paul Anderson (2007) multimedia sharing is one of the biggest growth areas amongst services. Well known examples are YouTube which provide video storage and sharing Flicker for photographs and Odeo for Podcasts. These services provide writable facility which at the same time makes users as a consumers and initiate active participation and production of web contents. There are million of people participating in sharing and exchange of these types of media by producing their own podcasts, videos and photos. This development was made possible thorough widespread adoption of high quality and low cost media technology. Such as mobile devices which provide high quality video capturing and photography facility, camcorders with huge storage capability. Refrences 1 Usluel, Y.K. Mazman, S.G. 2009, Adoption of Web 2.0 tools in distance education, Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 818-823. 2 Mason, R. Rennie, F. 2007, Using Web 2.0 for learning in the community, The Internet and Higher Education, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 196-203. 3 Beldarrain, Y. 2006, Distance Education Trends. Distance Education 27(2), 139-153. 4 Murugesan, S. 2007, Understanding Web 2.0. IT Pro. Vol. July/August 2007. P. 34-41. 5 Usluel, Y.K. Mazman, S.G. 2009, Adoption of Web 2.0 tools in distance education, Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 818-823. 6 OReilly, T. 2005, Web 2.0: Compact Definition? Published by OReilly Radar Author: Tim O Reilly: Available online at: http://radar.oreilly.com/archives/2005/10/web_20_compact_definition.html 7 Smith, A. 2009, Web 2.0 and Official Statistics: The UK Perspective: Available online at: http://www.statssa.gov.za/isi2009/ScientificProgramme/IPMS/0146.pdf 8 Lewis, D. 2006, What is web 2.0?. Crossroads 13, 1 (Sep. 2006), 3-3. http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1217666.1217669 9 Zucker, D. F. 2007, What Does AJAX Mean for You?, ACM Interactions, Sept-Oct, 2007, pp: 10-12. 10 Pilgrim, C. J. 2008, Improving the usability of web 2.0 applications. In Proceedings of the Nineteenth ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia (Pittsburgh, PA, USA, June 19 21, 2008). HT 08. ACM, New York, NY, 239-240. Available online at: http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1379092.1379144 11 Cormode, G. Krishnamurthy, B. 2008, Key Differences between Web1.0 and Web2.0: Available online at: http://www2.research.att.com/~bala/papers/web1v2.pdf 12 Brin, S. Page, L.1998, The anatomy of a large-scale hypertextual web search engine. Comput. Netw. ISDN Syst., 30(1-7):107-117. 13 Kinsella, S., Budura, A., Skobeltsyn, G., Michel, S., Breslin, J. G., and Aberer, K. 2008, From Web 1.0 to Web 2.0 and back -: how did your grandma use to tag?. In Proceeding of the 10th ACM Workshop on Web information and Data Management (Napa Valley, California, USA, October 30 30, 2008). WIDM 08. ACM, New York, NY, 79-86. Available online at: http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1458502.1458516 14 Gibson, B. 2007. Enabling an accessible web 2.0. In Proceedings of the 2007 international Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility (W4a) (Banff, Canada, May 07 08, 2007). W4A 07, vol. 225. ACM, New York, NY, 1-6. Available online at: http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1243441.1243442 15 Adebanjo, D. Michaelides, R. 2009. Analysis of Web 2.0 enabled e-clusters: A case study, Technovation, vol. In Press, Corrected Proof. 16 Sabin, M. and Leone, J. 2009. IT education 2.0. In Proceedings of the 10th ACM Conference on Sig-information Technology Education (Fairfax, Virginia, USA, October 22 24, 2009). SIGITE 09. ACM, New York, NY, 91-99. Available online at: http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1631728.1631756 17 Wigand, R. T., Benjamin, R. I., and Birkland, J. L. 2008. Web 2.0 and beyond: implications for electronic commerce. In Proceedings of the 10th international Conference on Electronic Commerce (Innsbruck, Austria, August 19 22, 2008). ICEC 08, vol. 342. ACM, New York, NY, 1-5. Available online at: http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1409540.1409550 18 CAYZER, S. 2004. Semantic Blogging and Decentralized knowledge Management. Communications of the ACM. Vol. 47, No. 12, Dec 2004, pp. 47-52. ACM Press. 19 Nardi, B. A., Schiano, D. J., and Gumbrecht, M. 2004. Blogging as social activity, or, would you let 900 million people read your diary?. In Proceedings of the 2004 ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (Chicago, Illinois, USA, November 06 10, 2004). CSCW 04. ACM, New York, NY, 222-231. Available online at: http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1031607.1031643 20 Anderson 21 Murugesan 22 Xu, S., Bao, S., Fei, B., Su, Z., and Yu, Y. 2008. Exploring folksonomy for personalized search. In Proceedings of the 31st Annual international ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in information Retrieval (Singapore, Singapore, July 20 24, 2008). SIGIR 08. ACM, New York, NY, 155-162. Available online at: http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1390334.1390363 23 Subramanya, S. B. and Liu, H. 2008. Socialtagger collaborative tagging for blogs in the long tail. In Proceeding of the 2008 ACM Workshop on Search in Social Media (Napa Valley, California, USA, October 30 30, 2008). SSM 08. ACM, New York, NY, 19-26. Available online at: http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1458583.1458588 24 Farrell, S., Lau, T., Nusser, S., Wilcox, E., and Muller, M. 2007. Socially augmenting employee profiles with people-tagging. In Proceedings of the 20th Annual ACM Symposium on User interface Software and Technology (Newport, Rhode Island, USA, October 07 10, 2007). UIST 07. ACM, New York, NY, 91-100. Available online at: http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1294211.1294228 25 Siersdorfer, S. and Sizov, S. 2009. Social recommender systems for web 2.0 folksonomies. In Proceedings of the 20th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia (Torino, Italy, June 29 July 01, 2009). HT 09. ACM, New York, NY, 261-270. Available online at: http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1557914.1557959 26 MILLEN, D., FEINBERG, J., KERR, B. 2005. Social Bookmarking in the enterprise. ACM Queue, Nov 2005. Available online at: http://www.acmqueue.com/modules.php?name=Contentpa=showpagepid=344 [last accessed 2/02/10]. Apendix 1.0 DATE NUMBER OF USERS % WORLD POPULATION INFORMATION SOURCE December, 1995 16 millions 0.40% IDC December, 1996 36 millions 0.90% IDC December, 1997 70 millions 1.70% IDC December, 1998 147 millions 3.60% C.I.Almanac December, 1999 248 millions 4.10% Nua Ltd. March, 2000 304 millions 5.00% Nua Ltd. July, 2000 359 millions 5.90% Nua Ltd. December, 2000 361 millions 5.80% Internet World Stats March, 2001 458 millions 7.60% Nua Ltd. June, 2001 479 millions 7.90% Nua Ltd. August, 2001 513 millions 8.60% Nua Ltd. April, 2002 558 millions 8.60% Internet World Stats July, 2002 569 millions 9.10% Internet World Stats September, 2002 587 millions 9.40% Internet World Stats March, 2003 608 millions 9.70% Internet World Stats September, 2003 677 millions 10.60% Internet World Stats October, 2003 682 millions 10.70% Internet World Stats December, 2003 719 millions 11.10% Internet World Stats February, 2004 745 millions 11.50% Internet World Stats May, 2004 757 millions 11.70% Internet World Stats October, 2004 812 millions 12.70% Internet World Stats December, 2004 817 millions 12.70% Internet World Stats March, 2005 888 millions 13.90% Internet World Stats July, 2005 939 millions 14.60% Internet World Stats September, 2005 957 millions 14.90% Internet World Stats November, 2005 972 millions 15.20% Internet World Stats December, 2005 1,018 millions 15.70% Internet World Stats March, 2006 1,022 millions 15.70% Internet World Stats June, 2006 1,043 millions 16.00% Internet World Stats September, 2006 1,066 millions 16.40% Internet World Stats December, 2006 1,093 millions 16.70% Internet World Stats March, 2007 1,129 millions 17.20% Internet World Stats June, 2007 1,173 millions 17.80% Internet World Stats Sept, 2007 1,245 millions 18.90% Internet World Stats Dec, 2007 1,319 millions 20.00% Internet World Stats March, 2008 1,407 millions 21.10% Internet World Stats June, 2008 1,463 millions 21.90% Internet World Stats December, 2008 1,574 millions 23.50% Internet World Stats March, 2009 1,596 millions 23.80% Internet World Stats June, 2009

Whats in a Portrait? :: essays research papers fc

What’s in a Portrait?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What’s in a portrait? Is it simply just a photographic image of a person only done in oil paints, or is there much more to it? Is a portrait a way of peeling away the layers of a person and visually representing who they really are? Gericault’s Monomania: Portrait of an Excessively Jealous Woman and Cezanne’s Madame Cezanne in the Conservatory are both portraits of women. Even though these paintings are portraits of women they are completely different portraits. These are not just paintings depicting two different women. They show us who they really are, or what they meant to the artist. The artists paint them in a way that represents how history and time period affect the way and artists paints.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Gericault’s Monomania: Portrait of and Excessively Jealous Woman, the artist captures the pure emotion of a woman suffering from a debilitating mental disease. The composition is symmetrical for the most part and the subject is positioned in the center of the canvas, which emphasizes her more as a point of focus. The brushwork is visible, but disappears around her face where there is great detail to clearly show her emotional state. The rest of her contains very visible brushwork, and it’s very sketchy. Most of her body doesn’t even seem to be brushed, but more like the paint has been blocked in with a palette knife, thus making the details of the face stand out more. Contours have been completely eliminated in this painting; he uses direct tone and color instead to convey the painting. There seems to be no direct light source everything seems to be in the dark, perhaps hinting at the subject’s mental state of mind. The only thing th at seems remotely lit up is the women’s face drawing more attention to the expression on it. The colors are of a darker palette, and there is a slight sense of complimentary colors with the red and a very deep dark green. The repetition of the color red in her clothes and again in her eyes is a very strong emphasis in this painting. It helps draw more attention to her expression thus adding more emotional content to the painitng. Plus, the red in her eyes alludes to her instability. There is no sense of deep space. The women seems have been painted from straight on, although there is something to the right of the artist that is drawing her attention that way, quite possibly making her have her present expression.

Apple: Competitive Strategies and Government Policies Essay

Abstracts For every profit oriented industry to survive in the globalize market; they must employed competition strategies that suit their operations and also keep in mind their competitors and target set to be achieved. This makes every company feel the pressure to be successful and to maintain leading the industry. This pressure plays significant role in the survival of industry in the competitive market. The effect of pressure faced by industries can either positive for the leading industry or negative when overpowered by rivals. Apple has gone into the technological mobile devices industry with a blast and imparted apprehension into contenders inside the same business. In spite of the fact that Apple costs their items/products at a higher offering value, their products are regularly alluded to as first class and worth the additional expense. The expense of Apple’s stock, which was seen as a shortcoming to competitors, has demonstrated to help support in their prosperity Introduction Competition and Mergers As market become globalizes and new companies enter the competitive market, there is always a desire to be one of the leading manufacturers in the field of production for both the entrants and the existing companies. Apple is one of the companies that strive to be excellent in the field of its manufacture products. Being a multi-billion dollar industry in technology that has over 30 years of experience that can teach any new business how to be successful. Moreover, Apple has gained from past missteps like valuing an item too high furthermore constraining the color of a product to one color. Case in point, when the IPod first turned out in the mid 2000’s it was valued at $999.99 one penny shy of one thousand dollars. The IPod was valued as of right now on the grounds that they needed to appear like a select product. The ruin to their new product was that it  just adjusted with Apple PCs confining the adaptability of the select product Apple can show another new entrants organization about globalization, in light of the fact that they are a worldwide business that has made billions of dollars and will keep on making billions. Apple conceives brand new ideas by making their products quicker and with more limit than contenders. Likewise, Apple has a tendency to be the first to make an item before contenders. The IPad was a unique making of Apple that was in front of contenders. After the arrival of the IPad contenders took after with their own particular structure called the tablet. Apple has yet to converge with another organization and ought to never need to do as such. Apple makes the greater part of their items themselves and has ended up being a standout amongst the best organizations in the innovation business. However Apple has purchased a rate of Beats which is organization that creates e arphones for music gadgets. One accepts that Apple purchased a rate of Beats in light of the fact that they needed to differentiate their portfolio Government Policies and Regulations The business electronic gadget industry is convoluted. Concerning matter of laws, regulations, duties, and government regulations, various variables apply. With such a significant industry, different relationship at the neighborhood, state, and even government level collaborate to administer the business. Additionally, impressively more affiliations exist that are secretly run help to control the business. As a rule, when referencing systems and regulations, the Commercial Electronic gadget Industry is subject to different sorts of administrative laws and regulations. These laws may fuse the laws that relate to security. You moreover have a couple of governments that deal with the neighborhood substance, charges and tolls; they may constrain duties or other exchange obstructions too. At the point when there are new institutions or any sorts of changes to existing authorizations it can bring about those in the business electronic gadgets industry needing to take care of an additional expense. Reliably administrators are getting the chance to be stricter with the laws and regulations administering the business electronic gadgets industry. The present and expected government policies and regulations fusing expenses and regulations set up to convey issues related to externalities. By and  large the administration arrangements towards the environment and expenses, has control measures for regulation and enactment. Through your organization, the plans are planned to accomplish more profitable use of the advantages that are made open to the clients. To propel a substitution between the advantages that is present and gives a spark from the organization procedure. While the assembly decreases to present natural evaluations so the present costs are regarding natures with the understanding of the essential issue in setting obligations for the state. â€Å"Our commitment to customer privacy doesn’t stop because of a government information request†(Apple, 2015). Government information requesting is a result of cooperating in the advanced age. Apple has trust in being as clear and straightforward as the law allows about what information is requested from the affiliation. Moreover, Apple has never worked with any governing body office from any country to make a â€Å"roundabout access† in any of their products. Apple has similarly never allowed any administration access to their servers, and communicates that they never will. Global Competition and Management Decisions Apple, Inc.’s change from the organization it was grinding a way’s initiation to the organization it is in the present day is an aftereffect of numerous vital administration choices. These choices help them focus on shopper needs while expanding piece of the pie. As showed by showcasing magazine (2010), â€Å"Apple has built up itself as a family unit name in a business sector where innovation is continually advancing, and customers energetically anticipate the following huge thing† (p. 18). Notwithstanding the expanded rivalry in the versatile correspondence and individualized computing industry, Apple has kept up its position as the business leaders. While Apple keeps on endeavoring to give inventive items to customers, contenders compass to surpass Apple’s achievement in the business. Carare (2013) expressed that mobile phone makers get generally high benefits. Indeed, even under these circumstances, a few business visionaries make utilization of out of line exercises to draw in clients, which brings about benefit. Apple picks to use reasonable exchange practices even while contenders have the capacity to duplicate their items accordingly  lessening Apple’s preference over competition. Apple products are outlined in California, however keeping in mind the end goal to keep up their competitive edge; they lessen generation costs by having their items collected in production lines the world over. While this could open them up to liabilities in regards to uncalled for work rehearses, Apple lives up to expectations nearly with its suppliers to guarantee moral strategies as to remote specialists. Around the world Apple workers are united in bringing correspondence, human rights, and admiration for the earth to the most profound layers of our inventory network†. Preparing projects mean to instruct and engage laborers while trying to energize security of our common assets Jeff Williams, Senior Vice President of Operations at Apple, (2015). Local Competition Apple has a wide range of difficulties in the distinctive competitive markets particularly with their local competition. A major test is the Research and Development which they generally need to remain focused of to appear as something else all through their operation. There will dependably be bugs that they will need to alter yet they must keep focused of it. Another test for Apple is that with a specific end goal to remain focused of their position with Windows Operating System around the globe and being even more extensive spread contrasted with the mackintosh operating system. Windows operating system is on MacBook’s and I-Mac(Desktops) of Apple, they need to move in the direction of across the board accessibility of Macintosh, it is free from infection not at all like Windows where consistently some or alternate infection is found making issues in equipment and programming. Advancements in the Windows platform, incorporating those included in Windows 98 and Windows NT, or those normal to be incorporated in new forms of Windows to be presented later on, have added elements to the Windows stage/platform that make the contrasts between the Mac OS and Microsoft’s Windows operating systems less significant. Mac has and is at present taking and will keep on making moves to react to the focused weights being set on its PC deals as an aftereffect of the late advancements in the Windows operating system. Apple’s future combined working results and monetary condition are all that much reliant on the capacity to continue to create changes to the Macintosh stage to keep up saw utilitarian  preferences over competing stages. As clients become globalized, they constrain companies to consider globalizing their plan of action. A contender like Apple who globalizes promptly can have an extraordinary chance to make financial aspects of scale and scoop and the upper point of preference. The game changers picked up by an early participant into a business sector. With regards to developing markets, Apple does and will represent a danger now and later on inside of the group of their rivals. Conclusion Apple has demonstrated during the time to surpass with meeting all commitments through legitimate maters, exceeding expectations inside their industry, opposing mergers, and emerging to local competition. Macintosh is an effective organization that has stood out with the arrival of items like the IPad, IPod, and IPhones. Apple is by all account not the only organization that exists inside of the versatile innovation industry, yet Apple has made a point to be one of the top contenders inside the business. The fate of Apple is hinting at no easing off in their triumphs References Apple. (2011, Aug 10). Marketing 18. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/887273428?accountid=458 Apple, Inc. (2015). The 2015 Progress Report. Retrieved from: https://www.apple.com/supplier-responsibility/progress-report/ Carare, P. M. (2013). Unfair competition: Samsung versus apple. International Journal of Innovations in Business, 2(3), 293-297. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/1438426517?accountid=458

Art, Drama, Music and Elements of Play Essays

Art, Drama, Music and Elements of Play Essays Art, Drama, Music and Elements of Play Essay Art, Drama, Music and Elements of Play Essay Art is of import. Even as grownups, we do bask prosecuting in different signifier of humanistic disciplines. The art has been associated with private leisure experience, separated from the chief concern of life. The humanistic disciplines are of course playful nevertheless we should non tie in it as unrealistic or deficiency of earnestness ( Swanwick, 1988 ) . Playing is portion of acquisition and humanistic disciplines can assist kids boom personally and emotionally ( Swanwick, 1988 ) . The humanistic disciplines are complementary portion of a wide instruction ; the humanistic disciplines when taught good can assist raise attainment in other countries as they are closely entwined with other larning countries ( Humanistic disciplines in Schools Project, 1990 ) . Drama comes of course to immature kids and they are frequently prosecuting in make-believe drama. Children dramatic experience should be supported in school with activities that develop the kid s ability to utilize his or her imaginativeness, organic structure and voice. Drama allows kindergartners to show themselves freely and interact with others. Some dramatic activities in which have been conducted in category since the taught faculty was drama games and role-play. The activities conducted were the Jungle game ( similar to fruit salad ) and freeze game . Through the activities, the kids were encouraged to research the restrictions and the possibilities of motion inside a given infinite. The kids learnt to portion infinite with others and how to associate to others playful manner. They explored how infinite, and people or objects in infinite, can hold symbolic and dramatic significances ( Winston and Tandy, 2009 ) . During the period of clip, we were working on the subject of animate beings, therefore I made usage of some of the games taught during the faculty and modified a small. The kids were from the age scope 4 to 6 old ages old. There were two new kids who were in the category for less than a month. They were Chinese exile and did non understand English. One kid was more diffident and withdrawn. He normally merely interacts with the other kid who was besides from China. However during the activity, all the kids were seen prosecuting in the activity. At first during Jungle game the kids were given new function which are different types of animate beings in the jungle. They had to swopped topographic points when their animate beings were called ; when huntsman is called out, everyone had to trade topographic points. In the procedure, some kids were seen strike harding into each other and most merely went to the few seats off from them. However, after a few unit of ammunitions with the ga me, they were able to research the possible motion inside the specified topographic point. The kids were able to research and portion the infinite without strike harding into each other. Even the two China male childs were able to prosecute in the activity and pretended to be the animate beings by copying their motions as they move in the circle. As for the freezing game, the kids pretended to be animate beings traveling in the jungle, avoiding to be caught by the huntsman. It was surprised that the kids imitated the sounds of the animate beings as they moved when it was non told to them that they had to. It was astonishing how dramatic games can take kids into different universe demoing their different side and creativeness. Another activity conducted was interview of the character in the narrative. During that period we were working on the subject of animate beings, therefore I made usage of the narrative The forest kid and pretended to be the huntsman. The kids were truly involved in the activity and took bends to inquire inquiries. That was the first clip that we engaged in this sort of activity therefore the kids were excited and eager to inquire inquiries. After several inquiries, I was surprised that the male childs from China really put up their custodies and asked inquiry: Why you so angry . I did non believe that they could understand the activity we were prosecuting in, non to even state ask inquiry utilizing English linguistic communication, which was a foreign linguistic communication to them. Through this activity, the kids could come in into the universe of the narrative and seek to happen solutions. As the kids are familiarised with the activity, they took bends to be the huntsman. Through the activities, the kids learnt to take bends by esteeming other s part, develop spacial consciousness, and explore ain organic structure possibilities through imitating of different characters. Minimal props were used during the activities to promote more imaginativeness. Through inventive drama, kids are experimenting with and larning how to pull off the nucleus elements of play, those of clip, infinite, people, action objects and capable affair ( Winston and Tandy, 2009 ) . Drama is a great manner in supplying kids the chances to larn about themselves and others. It encourages interaction with each other and learn about organic structure and spacial consciousness. During play, kids are besides encouraged to believe otherwise. During role-play, they can go others, heightening the creativeness, and promoting them to believe about what certain people might believe, state, or do in a given state of affairs. It allows kids to conceal behind a mask and to be different. Music Music is a manner of cognizing the life of feeling ( Langer as cited in Swanwick, 1988 ) . In our preschool scene, we did non hold much opportunity for musical activity during lesson clip. It was normally during enrichment programmes which several kids will travel for their music lessons. During the faculty, many merriment and meaningful activities were taught which could be implemented into the preschool scene. The activity that was conducted with the kids was doing music through musical instruments. I made used of the activities planned with my group during the faculty presentation, which was sing the narrative of Large Aluminum . The kids were provided with musical instruments such as bells, tambourine, cymbal, maracas, membranophone, trigon and some other traditional musical instruments that were made of bamboos. The kids were given the chances to take and play the instruments harmonizing to different emotions and scenarios of the narrative. Music was combined with play work in this instance. One-half of the kids in the category acted out the narrative while the others created effects for the dramatization utilizing the instruments. The kids had to conceive of that they were in the narrative. Harmonizing to Swanwick ( 1988 ) , immature kids bask really loud and really soft sounds and are fascinated by tone and timber and they can get down to see music as expressive. It can be observed during the activity. The kids enjoyed researching the volume of sound produced from musical instrument. When it was exciting state of affairs, they played the music fast and loud, and soft when sad. They were able to find the velocity of music by playing the assorted musical instruments. The kids were able to make different look utilizing music. During the activity, two older male childs were observed to be taking the group in the alteration of the music. Working in cross-age groups enables younger kids to detect and larn from more experient scholars, while the chance to scaffold the acquisition of younger kids enables the older kids to clear up their thought ( Duffy, 1998, p.116 ) . Harmonizing to Duffy ( 1998 ) , kids need sufficient topographic point to work and easy accessible resources if they are to do the best usage of originative and inventive experiences. Thus pedagogues should supply more experience for art activities even when exterior of lessons. After the faculty, I tried the method of giving the kids freedom of entering. Recorder was introduced to the kids and it was placed in the music corner in the schoolroom. After a hebdomad, to my surprised, I heard the voices of the two male childs from China with a few other kids from the recording. At first they said their name and begun humming some unfamiliar music ( likely self-composed ) with accompany of the musical instruments. When they sang louder, the music became louder excessively. This showed that they could do usage of the pacing and kineticss harmonizing to the different emotions. There was look in the music formed. Through the activities, the kids could develop musical consciousness and accomp lishments in footings of pacing and kineticss. Elementss of drama Harmonizing to Swanwick ( 1998 ) , the three elements of drama important to larning through humanistic disciplines are mastery, imitation and inventive drama. All these three elements were apparent during the execution of the activities. For command, the kids were able to larn to work with others to do dramatic significance and control of the musical instruments, maintaining consistent beat. For imitation, the kids were able to cover with the expressive nature of the art signifier. They were able to do musical sounds that suggest different scenarios. Last for inventive drama, the kids could experiment with musical instruments until it suggest the appropriate scenario. The kids were besides seen experimenting with different motion during dramatic drama. Practice motivates kids as pattern Teachs them how to concentrate which in bends leads them to appreciate and bask the beauty of art they are larning and the pleasances of bring forthing work of quality ( Winston, 2010, p.77 ) . If we wish kids to be originative, we should guarantee that all kids feel valued and accepted ; therefore kids will experience secure to take hazards or do errors ( Duffy, 1998 ) . That was evident in the instance of the two Chinese male childs who were at first withdrawn from the group and easy got into the activities, prosecuting with the others. Decision As kids grow, it seems that much of the school twenty-four hours is taken up by nucleus topics ; creativeness and imaginativeness are frequently treated as extra or luxury. Thus it is the function of the pedagogues in assisting to guarantee that the kids have chances to prosecute in originative and inventive experience ( Duffy, 1998 ) . A cross-curricular attack allows us to pull on the entreaty ad potency of originative experiences to promote acquisition and development in all countries of the course of study. Children should be active participants in their acquisition. With appropriate planning, we can link art with many other countries of the course of study. This can supply valuable chances to put larning in existent life experience by doing narratives and populating through them, instead than hearing them told by the instructor. Humanistic disciplines provide originative release for kids ; kids will hold fun while they are learn, heightening a womb-to-tomb desire for acquisition.